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How does an earth-leakage circuit breaker or ELCB work?
#1
An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker was the first name given to what is now called a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) . The original type of ELCB or GFCI was designed only to detect a current flowing in the safety "ground" or "earth" wire.

If there is no fault anywhere in a circuit supplying single-phase alternating power to a unit such as an electrical appliance, machine or other equipment, the current flowing to the unit at any instant in the "hot" or "live" wire should exactly match the current flowing away from the unit in the neutral wire. Similarly, there should be no current flowing in the unit's safety "ground" or "earth" wire.

It is a basic fact of electrical engineering design that all current flowing to an electrical appliance, machine or other equipment from the power generation station via its supply circuit's "hot" or "live" wire should only return to the power station via that same circuit's "neutral" wire.



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